Resumo Após quase um ano desde que a Organização Mundial da Saúde declarou a Covid-19 como pandemia, este artigo propõe um olhar retrospectivo que procura refletir sua ampla diversidade. Neste sentido, ao investigar seu impacto recorrendo a pesquisas realizadas em várias áreas do globo, propõe-se um panorama que mostra a vasta complexidade do fenômeno. Por outro lado, procura rever muitas das análises e debates que foram propostos a partir do marco da filosofia política, e que se concentram quase exclusivamente no contexto europeu. Isto é para mostrar que os diagnósticos, modelos e conceitos sugeridos não podem ser aplicados sem crítica à situação de regiões como a América Latina, Ásia ou África. É neste sentido que se propõe “desglobalizar” a pandemia da Covid-19 e se convida a pensar sobre ela a partir de outro lugar.

Abstract This article proposes a retrospective look at the last year following the World Health Organization’s declaration of Covid-19 as a pandemic, and seeks to reflect the wide diversity of its impact. In reviewing research from around the world, a panorama emerges showing the vast complexity of the phenomenon. This article reviews many of the analyses and debates that have been proposed from the framework of political philosophy, which are drawn almost exclusively from the European context. It shows that the suggested diagnoses, models and concepts cannot be universally applied across geographies, such as Latin America, Asia or Africa. It therefore proposes to “deglobalize” the Covid-19 pandemic and invites the reader to consider it through another lens.

ABSTRACT This research looks in to the conceptions, meanings and practices involved in the development of problematic consumption and alcohol dependence in rural Mapuche communities in southern Chile in the years 2016-2017. It characterizes the meanings surrounding at-risk consumption as well as scenarios and processes that protect health and those that facilitate risk, and identifies sociocultural elements to potentiate preventive actions. The methodology used was qualitative-ethnographic. Nine in-depth interviews were conducted with adults with at-risk consumption, recovered alcohol users, and non-consumers of alcohol, and ethnographic observations were carried out in participatory workshops with the community. The results link processes of transculturation, loss and cultural vitality with socio-relational dynamics that are at the base of the development of problematic alcohol consumption, marking a scenario of high complexity that requires overcoming the traditional dichotomy of risk/protection factors.

RESUMEN Esta investigación indaga las concepciones, significados y prácticas involucradas en el desarrollo del consumo problemático y la dependencia alcohólica en comunidades mapuches rurales del sur de Chile, en los años 2016 y 2017. Se caracterizan significados en torno al consumo de riesgo, escenarios y procesos protectores de la salud y de riesgo, e identifican elementos socioculturales para la proyección de actuaciones preventivas. La metodología empleada fue de tipo cualitativa-etnográfica. Se realizaron nueve entrevistas en profundidad a personas adultas con consumo de riesgo, recuperadas y no consumidoras de alcohol, y observaciones etnográficas en talleres participativos con la comunidad. Los resultados vinculan procesos de transculturación, pérdida y vitalidad cultural a dinámicas sociorelacionales que están en la base del desarrollo del consumo problemático de alcohol, lo que configura un escenario de alta complejidad que requiere, en su abordaje, la superación de la dicotomía factores de riesgo/protección.

ABSTRACT This research looks in to the conceptions, meanings and practices involved in the development of problematic consumption and alcohol dependence in rural Mapuche communities in southern Chile in the years 2016-2017. It characterizes the meanings surrounding at-risk consumption as well as scenarios and processes that protect health and those that facilitate risk, and identifies sociocultural elements to potentiate preventive actions. The methodology used was qualitative-ethnographic. Nine in-depth interviews were conducted with adults with at-risk consumption, recovered alcohol users, and non-consumers of alcohol, and ethnographic observations were carried out in participatory workshops with the community. The results link processes of transculturation, loss and cultural vitality with socio-relational dynamics that are at the base of the development of problematic alcohol consumption, marking a scenario of high complexity that requires overcoming the traditional dichotomy of risk/protection factors.

RESUMEN Esta investigación indaga las concepciones, significados y prácticas involucradas en el desarrollo del consumo problemático y la dependencia alcohólica en comunidades mapuches rurales del sur de Chile, en los años 2016 y 2017. Se caracterizan significados en torno al consumo de riesgo, escenarios y procesos protectores de la salud y de riesgo, e identifican elementos socioculturales para la proyección de actuaciones preventivas. La metodología empleada fue de tipo cualitativa-etnográfica. Se realizaron nueve entrevistas en profundidad a personas adultas con consumo de riesgo, recuperadas y no consumidoras de alcohol, y observaciones etnográficas en talleres participativos con la comunidad. Los resultados vinculan procesos de transculturación, pérdida y vitalidad cultural a dinámicas sociorelacionales que están en la base del desarrollo del consumo problemático de alcohol, lo que configura un escenario de alta complejidad que requiere, en su abordaje, la superación de la dicotomía factores de riesgo/protección.